What Are the Symptoms of Anal Abscess?

Anal abscess usually presents with rapidly developing symptoms. The most common complaints are:

• Severe, throbbing pain and swelling around the anus

• Increased pain when sitting, coughing, or during bowel movements

• Purulent discharge (pus)

• Red, tender lump

• Pain during bowel movements and constipation

• Skin irritation, itching, or rectal bleeding

• Lower abdominal pain

• General fatigue and fever

What Causes Anal Abscess?

Anal abscess usually forms due to infection caused by blockage of glands around the anus. Some common causes include:

• Bacteria entering under the skin due to anal fistula (infection tract)

• Trauma to the skin or anal area

• Sexually transmitted infections

• Prolonged diarrhea or constipation

• Hidradenitis suppurativa (a chronic skin condition)

• Weakened immune system (e.g., HIV/AIDS)

• Inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis

• Poor hygiene of the anal area

• Small cuts or wounds around the anus

How Is Anal Abscess Diagnosed?

Anal abscess is usually diagnosed by a physical examination performed by a specialist doctor. Superficial abscesses can be easily noticed visually, while deeper abscesses may require more detailed examination methods.

If necessary, the following tests may be performed:

• Rectal examination

• Proctosigmoidoscopy (viewing inside the anus with a lighted camera)

• Imaging methods such as ultrasound, MRI, or CT scan

How Is Anal Abscess Treated?

The most effective treatment is drainage of the abscess by a specialist doctor. This procedure usually leads to rapid pain relief. Drainage is generally done through a small incision; in some cases, stitches or dressing may be needed.

After treatment, the following precautions are recommended:

• Warm sitz baths several times a day (to reduce swelling and pain)

• Use of antibiotics if necessary (especially in patients with weakened immunity)

• Stool softeners or mild laxatives

• Pain relievers

How Does Anal Abscess Heal?

Medical treatment is essential for the healing of an anal abscess. However, to alleviate symptoms and support recovery, the following should be observed:

• Taking warm sitz baths

• Maintaining hygiene of the anal area

• Eating a diet rich in fiber

• Drinking plenty of water

• Avoiding constipation

These measures help both the healing of the current abscess and reduce the risk of new abscess formation.