What is Constipation?
Constipation is the condition of infrequent bowel movements. Generally, having fewer than three bowel movements per week is considered constipation. However, constipation also includes a decrease in stool volume, difficulty during defecation, a feeling of incomplete evacuation, and the need to use medications to facilitate bowel movements.
To reduce the risk of constipation, it is recommended to consume foods rich in fiber and to drink enough fluids. Additionally, regular exercise supports bowel function. Short-term constipation is usually considered normal.
Causes of Constipation
Constipation is generally caused by factors such as insufficient intake of fiber and fluids, and a sedentary lifestyle. Travel, pregnancy, or dietary changes can also increase constipation. Health problems such as diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, thyroid disorders, and scleroderma can also lead to constipation. Additionally, medications like painkillers, antidepressants, diuretics used in hypertension treatment, iron supplements, calcium-containing drugs, and aluminum-containing antacids can slow down bowel movements and cause constipation. If constipation lasts longer than 3 weeks or if there is blood in the stool, it is necessary to consult a doctor.
Treatment of Constipation
If constipation is caused by an underlying disease, that disease should be treated first. Initially, it is recommended to increase the intake of whole grain breads, fiber-rich vegetables and fruits, and fluids. These simple dietary changes relieve constipation in most patients.
Exercise and Dietary Changes
Regular exercise can stimulate bowel movements. Consuming indigestible vegetable fibers is also beneficial. Stool softeners and enemas should only be used with a doctor’s recommendation. Additionally, establishing a regular bowel movement routine at the same time every day can help patients better manage their constipation.
Biofeedback Therapy
Biofeedback is a physical therapy method used to treat dysfunctions in the pelvic floor muscles. This treatment helps alleviate constipation symptoms by ensuring coordinated work between the abdominal muscles and pelvic floor muscles.
Surgical Treatment
Surgical intervention may be necessary in severe and chronic constipation cases that do not respond to other treatments. However, surgery is rarely needed and usually involves the removal of part of the large intestine. Surgical treatment is not recommended for patients with pelvic floor disorders.
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