Rectocele Treatment
Rectocele is the prolapse of the anterior wall of the rectum towards the vagina. This condition is generally seen in women and is rarely observed in men. In some patients, rectocele occurs in relation to weakness of the pelvic floor muscles. In such cases, uterine or vaginal prolapse, rectal prolapse, fecal and urinary incontinence may also be present.
The most common causes of rectocele are weakening of the pelvic floor muscles and thinning of the rectovaginal septum. There are several risk factors for rectocele in women, including multiple vaginal deliveries, difficult childbirths, episiotomy procedures, and a history of constipation. Additionally, hysterectomy increases the risk of developing rectocele. This condition is frequently seen in elderly individuals, but can rarely occur in younger women and those who have never given birth.
What Are the Symptoms of Rectocele?
The symptoms of rectocele can be vaginal or rectal. Vaginal symptoms include external pressure on the vagina, a sensation of a mass in the vagina, pain during sexual intercourse, and vaginal bleeding in advanced stages. Rectal symptoms include constipation, straining during bowel movements, and incomplete evacuation. Sometimes, a swelling growing into the vagina may be observed during defecation. Some women may notice that they can defecate more easily by applying pressure on the posterior vaginal wall.
How Is Rectocele Diagnosed?
Rectocele is usually diagnosed through an examination of the vagina and rectum. However, the degree and size of the rectocele cannot be fully assessed by physical examination alone. The most appropriate diagnostic method is defecography. This method allows observation of the size of the rectocele and how much the rectum empties during straining.
If the rectocele does not cause any complaints, treatment is not necessary. Generally, patients with rectocele are advised to consume a high-fiber diet, drink plenty of water, and avoid constipation.
What Are the Treatment Options for Rectocele?
Medical treatment involves eating foods high in fiber and drinking plenty of water. Fiber absorbs water and softens the stool. Additionally, prolonged sitting on the toilet should be avoided, and if complete evacuation is not achieved, one can take a break and try applying pressure again.
If symptoms persist despite medical treatment, surgical intervention may be required. Various surgical techniques exist for treating rectocele. These surgical procedures can be performed through the anus, vagina, the area between the anus and vagina, or the abdomen.
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